There are two important ways to tell if someone is suffering from anaphylactic shock. First, by identifying the symptoms of anaphylactic shock. Second, by identifying the exposure to an allergen that causes anaphylactic shock.
Symptoms of Anaphylactic Shock
Anaphylactic shock is primarily an allergic reaction. To identify anaphylactic shock, first look for symptoms of allergy:
Itching
Red, raised, blotchy skin (hives)
Wheezing
Anaphylactic shock happens when the victim shows signs of low blood pressure:
Confusion
Weakness
Pale color
Unconsciousness
Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock often have symptoms of shortness of breath:
Unable to speak more than one or two words
Sitting straight up or with hands on knees
Gasping for breath
Pursing lips to breathe
Using neck muscles to take breaths
Identify the Allergen
It's easier to identify anaphylactic shock if there is a known allergen. For instance, those with allergies to bee stings will usually know they've been stung. Sometimes, however, there is no known allergen and the victim is simply developing symptoms of anaphylaxis. Anyone who's had allergic reactions in the past should be aware of any symptoms -- especially if no allergen has been identified. If you don't know what it is that makes you sick, you don't know when you've been exposed.
The situation can give you clues to figure out whether this is anaphylaxis. People with food allergies are more likely to have anaphylaxis while eating -- even when they don't think they're eating the food they are allergic to.
Anaphylactic Shock Treatment
Once you've identified an allergic reaction, treatment depends on how bad the reaction is. Simple allergic reaction treatment includes preventing the reaction from developing into anaphylaxis by taking Benadryl. On the other hand, treatment for anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock may require epinephrine.
Source:
Krohmer, Jon. First Aid Manual. American College of Emergency Physicians. 2002. New York, NY.
